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从《当你老了》谈起

评分作者:君念时间:2015-08-21 20:32
从《当你老了》谈起

  W B, Yeats,诗人叶芝,第一次读他的诗,要从那首水木年华的歌《一生有你》讲起。
  因为梦见你离开 我从哭泣中醒来
  看夜风吹过窗台 你能否感受我的爱
  等到老去那一天 你是否还在我身边
  看那些誓言谎言 随往事慢慢飘散
  多少人曾爱慕你年轻时的容颜 可知谁愿承受岁月无情的变迁
  多少人曾在你生命中来了又还 可知一生有你我都陪在你身边
  可知一生有你我都陪在你身边
  当所有一切都已看平淡 是否有一种坚持还留在心间
  听这首歌在《传奇》之后,在网上听的,歌词写得像诗一样,正这样想,往下就读到某人的评语,挖苦说歌词的作者应改姓叶,叫叶芝,爱尔兰人。
  When You Are Old
  BYWILLIAM BUTLER YEATS
  When you are old and grey and full of sleep,
  And nodding by the fire, take down this book,
  And slowly read, and dream of the soft look
  Your eyes had once, and of their shadows deep;
  How many loved your moments of glad grace,
  And loved your beauty with love false or true,
  But one man loved the pilgrim soul in you,
  And loved the sorrows of your changing face;
  And bending down beside the glowing bars,
  Murmur, a little sadly, how Love fled
  And paced upon the mountains overhead
  And hid his face amid a crowd of stars.
  杨牧译
  当你老了,灰黯,沉沉欲眠,
  在火炉边瞌睡,取下这本书,
  慢慢读,梦回你眼睛曾经,
  有过的柔光,以及那深深波影;
  多少人恋爱你喜悦雍容的时刻,
  恋爱你的美以真以假的爱情,
  有一个人爱你朝圣的灵魂内心,
  爱你变化的面容有那些怔忡错愕。
  并且俯身闪烁发光的铁栏杆边,
  嚅嗫,带些许忧伤,爱如何竟已
  逸去了并且在头顶的高山踱蹀,
  复将他的脸藏在一群星星中间。
  这首诗的译版很多,港台,大陆中流行的就有六种,各有千秋。对于诗的阅读,最好是原文,才有最好的理解。
  我最喜欢第二段。
  /别人追逐的是你曾经的美丽,年轻时的光彩耀人。
  我喜欢你执着的灵魂,你的忧伤。/
  But one man loved the pilgrim soul in you
  (只有一人爱的是你朝拜神圣的灵魂)
  什么是soul mate(灵魂的伴侣)?叶芝的追求算是吧,可惜,他的这番爱情宣言,诗人如同对着大山呼唤,听到的只有自己的回声。
  叶芝的《当你老了》在世界上被翻成各种语言,被无数双年轻的眼睛阅读,撼动了成千上万人的心。可叶芝真正生活里追求的女子,莫岗,无论诗人是贫穷,无名时,还是他拥有国家级的诗人桂冠,富有后,她都在拒绝,一生她拒绝了他四次求婚。莫岗是叶芝很多诗的灵感,叶芝把他的挚爱和怨恨倾注。
  有一段时间,我总把叶芝和济慈两位诗人搞混。现在明白他们差得很远。
  济慈是与拜伦,雪莱一个时代的诗人。济慈只活了短暂的25岁,他和拜伦,雪莱是好朋友,同属英国浪漫主义诗派。济慈的《夜莺之歌》是诗歌的极品,徐志摩曾专门写过一篇文章详细解说它,那篇讲稿也是佳作。
  叶芝属于现代诗人,比济慈晚出生很多年,他创作诗的年代很长,后人把它分为三个时期。我却觉得一条主线把不同的诗风串连起来,他把几十年对一个女子的爱情赤裸裸地摆在众人前,任由读者参观。
  叶慈最初的爱情诗忧郁,就像早晨草叶上挂着的露水,折射着年轻的热情。
  The Song Of Wandering Aengus
  William Butler Yeats
  I WENT out to the hazel wood,
  Because a fire was in my head,
  And cut and peeled a hazel wand,
  And hooked a berry to a thread;
  And when white moths were on the wing,
  And moth-like stars were flickering out,
  I dropped the berry in a stream
  And caught a little silver trout.
  /
  When I had laid it on the floor
  I went to blow the fire a flame,
  But something rustled on the floor,
  And some one called me by my name:
  It had become a glimmering girl
  With apple blossom in her hair
  Who called me by my name and ran
  And faded through the brightening air.
  /
  Though I am old with wandering
  Through hollow lands and hilly lands.
  I will find out where she has gone,
  And kiss her lips and take her hands;
  And walk among long dappled grass,
  And pluck till time and times are done
  The silver apples of the moon,
  The golden apples of the sun.
  第一段是写诗人走在林中,脑子里很乱,仿佛有火在燃烧,他做了一个渔钩,摘了一颗莓做诱饵挂在渔线上,在溪边抛入水中,钓到一小条银色的鳟鱼。这段里,很有画面感,莓红色,飞蛾白色如晚上天空闪烁的星,钓起的鳟鱼是银色。
  第二段是写诗人的梦境。他在温暖的壁炉前梦见一个发稍上插着苹果花的美丽女子呼唤着他的名字,待他起身想回应时,女子却消失在空气中。(梦醒。)
  第三段写诗人寻找那位女子,这里有双层含意。表面是梦醒后,诗人一生梦境外的寻找。诗句之外,写了诗人不放弃信念,太阳和月亮都是时间的象征:白天和黑夜。金苹果该是爱情的金色回忆,温暖的,美好的。银苹果便是爱请的忧伤回忆,月亮的银光,冷艳的。
  The silver apples of the moon,
  The golden apples of the sun.
  最美的两句了。
  特意查了一下:Aengus
  爱尔兰神学里的上帝,爱的化身,神话中他英俊潇洒,有四只鸟总是围绕他飞翔,她们象征着激发爱情的吻。
  这样的诗句放在美丽神话的背景下,更让人神往。
  Down By the Salley Gardens
  BYWILLIAM BUTLER YEATS
  Down by the Salley gardens
  my love and I did meet;
  She passed the Salley gardens
  with little snow-white feet.
  She bid me take love easy,
  as the leaves grow on the tree;
  But I, being young and foolish,
  with her would not agree.
  In a field by the river
  my love and I did stand,
  And on my leaning shoulder
  she laid her snow-white hand.
  She bid me take life easy,
  as the grass grows on the weirs;
  But I was young and foolish,
  and now am full of tears.
  我曾和我的挚爱相遇在莎园中
  她踏著雪白的纤纤玉足
  轻轻走过莎园
  她要我简单的追求真爱
  就像大树长出树叶一般自然
  但我是那么的年轻愚笨
  从来没有听从过她的心声
  我曾和我的挚爱
  并肩伫立在河畔的旷野上
  她把她嫩白的小手
  搭在我那微微倾斜的肩膀上
  她要我简单的去生活
  就像那生长在河畔的韧草一般
  但我是那么的年轻愚笨
  现在唯有泪水涟涟,感怀满襟
  这首《在莎莉的花园旁》是一首怀旧的诗,后被谱成爱尔兰民族特色曲调的歌。
  爱情如果能
  / take love easy,(爱情能顺其自然)
  as the leaves grow on the tree/
  / take life easy,(就像大树长出嫩叶般)
  as the grass grows on the weirs/(就像草地在河边的绵延生长)
  生活就会简单容易很多!
  我们也就不会回过头来感叹:
  / I was young and foolish,(我曾经年轻,愚笨)
  and now I am full of tears./(现在,我流泪,心中充满后悔。)
  Aedh Wishes for the Cloths of Heaven
  by William Butler Yeats
  Had I the heavens' embroidered cloths,
  Enwrought with golden and silver light,
  The blue and the dim and the dark cloths
  Of night and light and the half-light,
  I would spread the cloths under your feet:
  But I, being poor, have only my dreams;
  I have spread my dreams under your feet;
  Tread softly because you tread on my dream.
  叶芝在一无所有,默默无闻时写给莫岗的情诗。
  天堂里的布,金色和银色的光芒织成。
  一匹布,不同的颜色:蓝色,黑色,而这些颜色还有不同明暗度:像夜晚,像日光,还有交替中的半明半暗。
  我想把天堂之布铺在你脚下,忽然发现贫穷的我只拥有梦想。
  于是我把梦想铺在你脚下,当你走过时,请轻轻地,因为你踏在我的梦上。
  The Lake Isle Of Innisfree
  by William Butler Yeats
  I WILL arise and go now, and go to Innisfree,
  And a small cabin build there, of clay and wattles made:
  Nine bean-rows will I have there, a hive for the honeybee,
  And live alone in the bee-loud glade.
  And I shall have some peace there, for peace comes dropping slow,
  Dropping from the veils of the morning to where the cricket sings;
  There midnight's all a glimmer, and noon a purple glow,
  And evening full of the linnet's wings.
  I will arise and go now, for always night and day
  I hear lake water lapping with low sounds by the shore;
  While I stand on the roadway, or on the pavements grey,
  I hear it in the deep heart's core.
  东方的陶渊明写下《桃花源记》,西方的诗人叶芝写下这首诗。一种精神在两种文化里的体现。
  我起身去寻找梦中湖:/in/is/free (特别的谐音,内心的自由)
  湖边茅屋,土做墙,树枝插成篱笆。屋前,大片豆田,一巢蜜蜂在安家。
  开满花的豆田里,蜜蜂嗡嗡叫着,飞来飞去,独居的我享受一片宁静,慢慢滑落的安静,滴入早晨的脉络,流进傍晚蟋蟀的吟唱。午夜,月光沐浴湖面,银光波动。正午,天边的云彩镀一抹紫红。黄昏,群鸟伴随晚霞,从湖面掠过。
  白天黑夜,我都会去寻找那湖。我听见湖水低吟,一浪推一浪,拍打岸石。
  置身灰色街道,迷失车水马龙中,我依然听到内心对自然的呼唤。
  是的,现实里诗人置身于车水马龙中,石灰水泥铸成的路上,他的心向往的却是一片宁静的梦中湖。
  (文/君念)